Accompanying you on your discovery of Palazzo Vecchio and its secrets will be a unique tourist guide: the old tortoise that Duke Cosimo went everywhere with. It’s possible to hire the tortoise-backpack (5€) containing map, binoculars, a model Palazzo Vecchio to build, a “Medici Family Album”, and loads of pastels for drawing, colouring and imagining new symbols and new stories.
Museoragazzi - Benessere, Gusto e Avventure: La Vita è un Viaggio!

A stone’s throw from Ponte Vecchio, in the History of Science Museum, there is a section devoted to Galileo. It makes it easy to understand how science evolved and how Galileo came to make his brilliant discoveries.
Home - Museo Galileo

“La Specola”, inside the Natural History Museum, contains the world’s biggest collection of anatomical wax models, showing the marvels of the human body, as well as numerous collections of animals including insects, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and fish.
Sistema Museale di Ateneo | UniFI

A famous art attraction in the middle of Florence, Palazzo Strozzi offers interesting workshops for kids and interactive installations making it possible to discover works of art in the current exhibition whilst having fun. Workshops: every Sunday from 10.30 am to 12.30 pm; reservation is mandatory.
prenotazioni@cscsigma.it   
Fondazione Palazzo Strozzi - Mostre ed esposizioni d'arte internazionali

To discover what life was like at the time of the Medicis, just visit Palazzo Davanzati, a 14th century building very close to Piazza della Repubblica. A veritable jewel.

GRUPPO MUSEI - BARGELLO - CAPPELLE MEDICEE - PALAZZO DAVANZATI - ORSAMICHELE - CASA MARTELLI (beniculturali.it)

Wigs and Make-Up since 1720 The oldest shop of this kind in Florence, handed down from father to son, goes back to 1720. It produces wigs, beards, moustaches and masks for the theatre, television and all other sectors of entertainment and fashion. In this shop, kids can discover craft work that’s been done here for generations.
Wigs for Theater, shows, look, cancer ad chemotherapy. Mask, prosthetics (filistrucchi.com)

The Fontana del Porcellino (Piglet Well) is situated in the loggia of the Mercato Nuovo between Piazza della Repubblica and Ponte Vecchio. Popular tradition has it that touching the piglet’s nose brings good luck. The full “procedure” for obtaining good fortune is to place a coin on the piglet’s nose. If the coin falls through the grating where the water flows, good luck will come, but not otherwise.

The planetarium makes it possible to observe the sky in a stimulating ambience and understand and learn about celestial phenomena. Reservation is mandatory.
INAF - Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory